Currently, the new mining head subcomponents are lost when you reclaim a ship, such as after a 30K. This could mean significant losses when a client or server crash happens, or when you're murdered while mining or returning to a station, etc. Is this the correct behavior or is this a bug?

Partially. Obviously the 30Ks and any sort of crashes need to be fixed, and that's on our side. So we need to fix those. However, if you die from combat or messing up mining, just putting too much juice into it, crashing when landing or anything like that, you will lose the items. It's basically like you upgrading a ship or anything like that. You will lose the weapons, unless we start getting into insurance, but that to me is a little bit at a later date. But yeah, the idea is that if it's something that you did, versus a server crash or a client crash and stuff like that, then yeah, that's on you.