Can you provide information on the firing angles of the ship's defensive turrets? Also, does the swing range of the turrets vary based on the ship's status, such as deployed, retracted, loaded, or without any cargo?

The turrets have a single set of firing arcs regardless of the spindles. In the closed state, all turrets can fire forwards and the majority have a 360° arc on the upper side. The underside of the Hull C is more vulnerable and only attackers coming from the front underside will be within the turrets' firing range, so it's recommended to plan ahead for encounters. This is a civilian hauler, not a military gunship after all!